Commands for handling data during security tasks.
• Purpose: Searches text for patterns.
• Example: grep "root" /etc/passwd → Finds lines with “root”.
• Purpose: Extracts and processes text fields.
• Example: awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd → Lists usernames.
• Purpose: Edits text streams.
• Example: sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt → Replaces “old” with “new” in file.txt.
• Purpose: Fetches data from URLs.
• Example: curl http://example.com → Downloads webpage content.
• Purpose: Downloads files from the web.
• Example: wget http://example.com/file.zip → Saves file.zip.